Identity Theft Statutes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Identity Theft Statutes - Assignment Example The statute includes the names of the contracting parties as well as the terms and conditions contract requirements (Catherine 2004, 48). Therefore, the status of fraud serves to protect the parties to the contract from deception by the other party if in case one of them decides to avoid performing either part or all of their liabilities in the agreement (Miller, Harvey & Parry 1998, p.364). Therefore, it is essential for the parties to ensure they include statues of frauds in their contract to ensure that effective discharge of their duties s a means of improving business performances and reduce the legal cases arising from the failure of contract performance. This report will explore the purpose of statutes of frauds and what it entails. It also explores the impact the statutes of fraud will have in a contract and when the parties to the contract may find it essential to establish statutes of frauds. In addition, the study will focus on conditions under which the statute of fraud may be ignored during the implementation of the contract. Finally, it will focus on the effects of court cases in the situation where the parties had signed statutes of contract by studying the court cases in which it was applied. The main significance of the statutes of fraud is to ensure there is evidence of the existence of a contract between parties and assure them of the performance of the contract (Catherine 2004, 48). Whereas the statutes were established to reduce the cases of deception among the contracting parties and provide evidence to the court when solving disputes the statutes does not cover most of the contracts especially the contracts of services which are accomplished in less than a year (James 2003, p. 18). The controversy in this requirement is that most of the contracts which do not fall within the statutes are the most rampant in day-to-day life.  

Cyber Schooling in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cyber Schooling in Education - Essay Example Because of these drawbacks, Boards of Education should place limitations on the extent of cyber schooling. One of the biggest problems with cyber schooling is that there are not many opportunities for students to interact with others on a daily basis. This interaction plays a large part in student completion of school, as those who feel that university is not offering them anything is likely to drop out. Students want a "sense of belonging to a larger university community, rather than simply being ... a statistic" (Lee & Chan, 2007). Several surveys have reinforced these suggestions, and have attributed the fact that "distance learners have the highest risk of dropping out ... to the isolation experienced by these students" (Lee & Chan, 2007). In addition to contact with other students, people who are enrolled in online courses miss another vital interaction: communication with their teachers. Because teachers cannot see their students, they cannot pick up on whether their students are interested in the class or losing interest. Since face-to-face interaction can reveal emotions related to learning in a traditional classroom setting, this gives distance students a disadvantage (Lee & Chan 2007). Especially in classes where some students are learning online and others in person, there can be "serious concerns of fairness and equity" (Lee & Chan, 2007). So it can be seen that cyber schooling does not give students equal footing with other students learning in person because they cannot be getting the same kinds of attention as those other students. This means cyber schooling is linked to dropout rates. Furthermore, there is mixed evidence that cyber schooling can be effective as a method of education, especially when compared to more traditional face-to-face methods of teaching students.  

Enhancement of Polymeric Materials through Nanotechnology

Enhancement of Polymeric Materials through Nanotechnology Performance Enhancement of Polymeric Materials through Nanotechnology Dr. P.C. Thapliyal Abstract: In the last decade or so, nanotechnology has gained tremendous and widespread attention. Currently, nanotechnology is being applied in many fields to formulate materials with novel functions due to their unique physical and chemical properties. The major nanotechnology applications are identified as energy, agriculture productivity, water treatment, disease diagnosis, drug delivery system, food processing, air pollution control, construction, health monitoring etc. In the construction sector, nanotechnology is being used in a variety of ways to produce innovative materials. Using nanotechnology as a tool, it is possible to modify the nano/basic structure of the materials to improve the bulk properties. The applications of nanomaterials in construction improve the essential properties of building materials and novel collateral functions such as energy saving, self healing, anti fogging and super hydrophobic. Present paper focuses on how nanotechnology has improved and enhan ced the performance of polymeric materials in buildings. Introduction Nanotechnology is gaining widespread attention and being applied in many fields to formulate materials with novel functions due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Major nanotechnology applications are identified as energy, agricultural productivity, water treatment, disease diagnosis, drug delivery system, food processing, air pollution control, construction, health monitoring etc. In the construction sector, nanotechnology is being used in a variety of ways to produce innovative materials. Using nanotechnology as a tool, it is possible to modify the nano/basic structure of the materials to improve the materials bulk properties such as mechanical performance, volume stability, durability and sustainability. The applications of nano materials in construction improve the essential properties of building materials such as strength, durability bond strength, corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, novel collateral functions such as energy saving, self healing, anti fog ging and super hydrophobic. Newer applications in the field of advanced materials are related to matter for which the surface-to-volume ratio is very high. Nanotechnology significantly improves and enhances the performance of these materials. In fact nanotechnology based polymeric materials can be developed into multifunctional materials. Therefore, the combination at the nano size level of inorganic/ organic components into a single material may lead to an immense new area of materials science leading to development of multifunctional polymeric materials (Cao et al., 2001; Kowalczyk and Spychaj, 2009; Lee et al., 2010; Thapliyal, 2011; Zhao et al., 2012). Role of nanotechnology in polymeric materials Today’s buildings contain many polymeric materials including neoprene, silicone, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), laminated glass using polyvinylbutyral and fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Many of these polymeric materials were discovered and used successfully in industry decades before their application in buildings. Polymeric materials are also important components of paints and coating systems. These polymeric materials are expected to have characteristics such as (a) excellent weather ability (exterior durability), (b) film integrity, (c) tunable mechanical performance, (d) process ability, (e) amenable for environmentally friendly coating formulations, among others. Using nano technology, polymeric materials including advanced coatings systems can improve energy efficiency, durability, aesthetics and other functionalities of buildings and superstructures. For example, cool-roof coatings (high solar refection and thermal emission) have been very effective in increasing building efficiency and thereby reducing energy consumption for cooling. Solar heat-absorbing polymeric materials are becoming essential components of solar collectors used in solar energy harvesting. Super-durable coatings with self-cleaning properties are in much demands for applications on super-structures, monuments and areas where re-painting is very costly. Current status Polymeric materials such as coating systems are reported for the corrosion prevention based on alkyds, acrylics, polyurethanes, polyesters and epoxies. Among them epoxies have number of advantages such as better physico-mechanical properties and improved chemical resistance. Its low UV resistance and higher cost led to develop innovative epoxies by blending with low cost renewable natural resins. The epoxy resin and modified epoxy cardanol resin based coatings form a kind of inter penetrating network (IPN) on the surface of steel and concrete, thus providing a barrier to the attack by moisture. IPNs possess several interesting characteristics in comparison to normal polyblends, because varied synthetic techniques yield IPNs of such diverse properties that their engineering potential spans a broad gamut of modern technology (Sperling, 1981; Thapliyal, 2010). In Indian scenario ongoing research efforts on polymeric materials at IIT Bombay, researchers are taking into consideration of the basic issues like homogeneous dispersion of CNT in polymer matrix and adequate interfacial adhesion among the phases and a novel CNT material i.e., SMA-g-MWNT is being by grafting acid functionalized MWNT with styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) dissolved in THF solvent. The RD work on development of heat reflecting coating on flat glass is being done at CSIR-CGCRI. CSIR-CBRI has the expertise in the area of polymeric materials especially adhesives, sealants and coatings. In the past, CSIR-CBRI scientists have done work in the field of synthesis, formulation and testing of different types of polymeric materials. As a result CSIR-CBRI had published a number of research publications and several technologies were transferred to the private organizations. For example, CSIR-CBRI has developed natural cardanol resin based epoxy coating systems for corrosion protecti on. (Aggarwal et al., 2007; Thapliyal, 2010) A new era of polymeric material innovations for buildings Recent developments in the field of the fabrication and characterisation of objects at the nano-scale make it possible to design and realise new materials with special functional properties. For example, materials can be strengthened or, conversely, made more flexible, or materials can be given greater electrical resistance and lower thermal resistance. The possibilities are virtually endless, particularly in relation to the coupling between living cells and specific functional nanoparticles, nanosurfaces or nanostructures. Artificially inserted organic particles or surfaces can influence a cell to the extent that it takes on an entirely new functionality, such as fluorescence or magnetism. Insertion of these particles or surfaces in cells may even result in the production of new biomaterials. These couplings open up many new scientific and commercial avenues. New material—polyamide, or nylon—has emerged in applications as a â€Å"smart† vapour barrier in exterior envelopes. Its water vapour permeability increases ten times even in conditions of very high humidity. This is particularly useful when moisture is trapped inside a wall assembly. The vapour barrier becomes more permeable and allows moisture to escape, reducing the risk of corrosion, rot, and the growth of mould and mildew. Although nylon was discovered in 1931, its properties as a vapour barrier were not described until 1999, and it was recently commercialized for this purpose. Both of these examples illustrate opportunities that arise from addressing the needs of the built environment with polymeric materials science and engineering. The first resulted from an unintended consequence of an aesthetic choice, the second from an overlooked property of a common polymeric material. Both examples raise the question of why our built environment has been so resistan t to change when new polymeric materials may offer better performance and more satisfying aesthetic results (Munirasu et al., 2009; Thapliyal, 2010; Singh et al., 2010). Conclusions Building new polymeric materials at the atomic and nano scale and structuring or combining existing materials, resulting in entirely new characteristics of these materials, make the application area virtually limitless. The international interest in this area is demonstrated clearly by the growing number of major research programmes being funded in Europe, Japan and the USA as well as in Australia, Canada, China, S. Korea, Singapore and Taiwan, etc. However, the introduction of unfamiliar polymeric materials in buildings is difficult because of life safety concerns, first-cost constraints, and the reluctance of builders to adopt new practices in the field. In addition, the very long life of buildings that serve as host to unproven polymeric materials compounds the risk of legal exposure for all involved, from researchers to builders. However, it is likely that latent opportunities for achieving a substantially improved built environment await the attention of building experts and the polymeric/materials science community united in common research goals. References Chao, T.P.; Chandrasekaran, C.; Limmer, S.J.; Seraji, S.; Wu, Y.; Forbess, M.J.; Neguen, C.; Cao, G.Z. J. Non-Crystalline Solids. 2001, 290, 153-162. Kowalczyk, K.; Spychaj, T. Surface Coatings Technology. 2009, 204, 635–641. Thapliyal, P.C. Nanodigest. 2011, 3(5), 46. Lee, J.; Mahendra S.; Alvarez, P.J.J. ACS Nano. 2010, 4(7), 3580–3590. Zhao, Y.; Xu, Z.; Wang X.; Lin, T. Langmuir. 2012, 28, 6328−6335. Sperling, L.H. Advances in Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, Lancaster: Technomic. 1981, 2, 284. Thapliyal, P.C. Composite Interfaces. 2010, 17, 85-89. Aggarwal, L.K.; Thapliyal P.C.; Karade, S.R. Prog. Org. Coat. 2007, 59, 76–80. Thapliyal, P.C. Proc. GTGE 2010. 2010, 29-30. Thapliyal, P.C. Proc. International Workshop on Nanotechnology in the Science of Concrete. 2010, 69-74. Singh, L.P.; Thapliyal P.C.; Bhattacharyya, S.K. Nanodigest. 2010, 2(3), 45-49. Munirasu,S.; Aggarwal R.; Baskaran, D. Chem. Commun. 2009, 30, 4518-4520.

The Ego and the Id Essay -- essays research papers

Over the years, people have wondered what goes on in a person\\'s mind that guides them to meet their needs. Sigmund Freud developed a system of personality that boldly attempts to explain the course of personality and what was it origins. Freud theory assumes that one\\'s personality is shaped and some powerful inner forces motivate one\\'s behavior. According to Freud, personality differences commence from the different ways in which people deal with their underlying drives. By picturing a continuing battle between antagonistic parts of personality, Freud was able to develop three systems that make up the total personality. The three systems of personality are the id, ego, and the superego. If the three systems work together in harmony and unite together to form one complete organization, it enables one to create a positive transaction with the environment. If the systems are fighting with each other, one is said to be dissatisfied with himself or the world. By examining the ego, the id, and the superego, one should see how these three systems of personality play an important role in the development of one\\'s personality. In doing so one should understand what conscious and unconscious, and the functions of the id, ego, and superego. Freud did not invent the idea of the conscious versus the unconscious. However, he was responsible for making it popular. What you are of aware of at any particular moment is called being conscious. By being conscious you are aware of certain things such as your present perceptions, memories, thoughts, and fantasies. All of our knowledge is bound up with consciousness. Consciousness is the surface of the mental The Ego and the Id 3 apparatus. All perceptions, whether it is received from both within and without, are conscious. Freud (1960) said \\"that very powerful mental processes of ideas exist which can produce all the effects of the mental life that ordinary ideas do, though they themselves do not become conscious\\" (p. 4). This is an indication that there are other parts of the mind in which thoughts occur. According to Freud (1960), \\"the state in which the ideas existed before being made conscious is called by us repression\\" (p. 4). It is by the theory of repression that the concept of the unconscious is obtained. The unconscious is the largest part of the mind. All the things that are not easily available t... ...e or feelings of guilt or inferiority the superego will take on the role of the parents. It is the super ego that inner restraints on upon lawlessness and disorderly, thus enabling a person to become a law abiding member of society. The ego struggle to keep the id happy. The ego meets with obstacles in the world. It occasionally with objects that actually assists it in attaining it goals. The ego keeps a record of the obstacles and aides. It also keeps a record of punishments and rewards administered out by the two must influential objects in the world of a child, its mom and dad. This record of things to avoid and strategies to take becomes the superego. As stated earlier the primary function of the id is to satisfy its immediate instincts, drive and urges it superego that links the mind to society and reality. As Freud (1960) states \\"superego is however, not simply a residue of the earliest choices of the id; it also represents an energetic reaction formation against those choices\\" (p.24). The id, ego, and superego play a vital role in a person\\'s development of their personality. If thy work together in harmony a person will grow up to be a be a healthy mentally person.

An Artistic Story of New York City in 1932

November 17, 2012 Essay II, Word Count: 2268 An Artistic Story of New York in 1932 The purpose of this essay is to discuss the ways Stuart Davis uses the elements of art and principals of design in his painting, New York Mural, 1932. In the beginning of this essay, there is a description of Davis’ biological information and what was happening in New York during the years preceding the painting. It will discuss three elements of art to include: line, shape and color. The principals of design that will be discussed are unity, balance, and variety.It will close with my personal reflection and experience that was gained from the analysis and research of the painting. Davis was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1892 to parents that were artists. His father was a newspaper art director and his mother was a sculptor. His family moved to East Orange, New Jersey when he was nine years old. He attended school in New Jersey and left high school in 1909 before graduating to attend Hen ri’s School of Art in New York City. He became acquainted and formed friendships with mentors, John Sloan and George Luks. These men were all part of â€Å"The Eight†.These men were all part of the Realist Art Movement and focused on poverty and the realities of urban life for real people. He began exhibiting his art in 1910 and had his first exhibit in New York City. In 1912, he was employed by a left leaning journal that under the direction of Sloan. While he was there, participating in the groundbreaking Armory Show. His work still was in the realist mode until 1916 when he went on his own to become more of an abstract artist. He was drafted and stayed in United States as a cartographer creating maps for the US Army Intelligence Department.Fortunately, that was short-lived and he began using a Cubist style on his work. He made a series with this Cubist style of works based on a tobacco series. He began an eggbeater series while having Edith Halpert of New Yorkâ€⠄¢s Downtown Gallery of Art. This series began his journey away from European influenced Cubism to his own development of his own abstractive modernist style without human presence in his works. He went to Paris in 1928 and upon returning in 1929, he became fascinated and intrigued with the industrialism and post war architecture in New York City.His words were quoted by Karen Wilkin, â€Å"On my arrival I New York I was appalled and depressed by its gigantism. Everything in Paris was human size, here everything was inhuman. It was difficult to think either of art or oneself as having any significance whatever in the face of this frenetic commercial engine. † (Wilkin, 127). At this time, the Great Depression he created relatively few works, but he constantly changed scale, medium and method, making easel paintings, ink drawings, murals and lithographs (Wilkin, 127). His art reflected social issues and his works were pictures that tell a larger story.New York Mural was his mos t ambitious treatment of the city in which he touched upon the issues of prohibition, government corruption and the affairs of Al Smith (Weber, 10). His journals and historical data during these few years in the New York City political scene are confirmation of the journalistic story he told through New York Mural. It was an outrage that many foreign artists were commissioned to do work in the United States. The Museum of Modern Art in New York organized an exhibit of contemporary murals. This show is why Davis created the New York Mural.It stirred much controversy because of the story it told about New York’s economic, social and political climate. Davis wrote in his personal papers, now in collection at Harvard University: Modern art is a reflection of the advanced modern technology. Modern Art in turn has changed to industrial design (Weber, 10). In 1932, Davis painted the piece that is the topic of this essay, New York Mural. He used oil which did not dry quickly and gave him the ability to change and modify colors and lines days later. Oil paint is flexible and it was easy for him to achieve a rich luminosity while having smooth effects with a high level of detail. DeWitte, Larmann, and Shields, 186). His paintings were now made up of modern industry images with free association and with a decorative pattern that created an optical vibration (Weber, 13). The most dominant principle of design used in this piece is variety because of the artist’s use of various elements of art to include: line, shape, color, form and space. Each element has many purposes to hold the views attention. As you look at the picture, these elements are effective in bringing your attention to every detail as you look around the work of art.Variety makes this picture of the skyline diverse and like no other picture of New York City. The use of lines is complimented by the variety of color used in the painting. The oil provides a shiny surface that allows the lines to b e hard and well defined. Within each line are many colors hues of color. The solid primary colors give the lines true definition. Many of the colors are complementary which seems to help contract the objects while achieving depth, especially between the buildings. Some areas of the picture have both crossed-hatching and hatching and neutral solid spaces and shapes.This helps create darkness and lightness in the details of many of the objects. Along with solid black and white areas, the hatchings create shadows and make the picture appear three-dimensional. The buildings appear in the background and random objects in the foreground because of the black surrounding the bottom images in the picture. When you are standing back from the picture you know it’s a building facade but cannot see the defined shapes of the building. The cross hatching and neutrals colors help this happen as if you were in the city looking at distant buildings.The colors are all basic colors of the spectr um with the exception of black and white in the foreground and background to create a dramatic sense of depth and value. These hues are in different shades and saturations. For example the yellow in the banana and tigers’ head is close to its highest level of saturation. The yellow building is a lower saturated yellow because it is mustard in color by having brown mixed into the paint. The black used in the background, lines and inside the buildings help show the defined shapes of the objects in the piece.The white achieves many of the same things while this absence of color is used to show brightness and the feeling of daylight where it is in the background. There is an obvious contrast by the black and white that creates the symbolism of night and day. With these neutral colors there is no need for implied lines as your eyes wonder around the picture. The directional lines are used to bring your eyes upward in the painting to the tallest building in the center which could b e considered the main focal point. It is almost in the centerline of the piece which helps to achieve symmetry and balance.This building is recognizable as the Empire State Building, the newest and tallest building in New York in 1932. Horizontal Lines bring your eyes up into the skyline while the vertical and diagonal lines create depth and dimensions. The curved lines with both thin and thickness to them help you to notice various symbols that explain the story Davis is trying to tell of that time. The foreground has many shapes utilizing volume and space that take time to identify. These contour shaped images create volume and space in the foreground.While the yellow banana is recognizable, it has a an organic shape that makes you look closely to make sure that is what he is showing the viewer. The green banana is not as recognizable because of its dark hue of green even though it is analogous to yellow. There are mostly geometric shapes in the city’s skyline. The only cur ved line and shape is in the shape of a funny face with a hat at the top of the purple building to the right where the three orange circles look two eyes and a nose. Symmetry is achieved through a well balanced picture.Both sides are equally filled with positive shapes and vary with and same amount of negative space. There are concentric geometric shapes for the windows in the buildings, this creates contrast between the different buildings heights and widths. It also gives symmetry to each individual building. The six large rectangles behind the gas pump make it recognizable as a gas station with the garage door in front. The use of colors and lines help the entire picture to appear balanced. The principle of design, proportion, is used throughout this piece of art. The tiger’s head and tail are recognizable in a cartoon like image.If you did not have the research and narrative of what was going on in this time period of the artist’s life, you would not understand why it is randomly placed to the right bottom of the closest building in the foreground of the buildings. The entire painting has the cartoon like feel to it. Especially with the exaggerated proportions of the hats, bananas and what looks like a butterfly on the right side boarder. These things are not to scale with the rest of the parts. The scale is in different proportions and it is mostly dramatic between the foreground and the skyline which appears father away.The best example in the foreground is the proportion of the bananas, tire and hat. It would be a very small tire and hat or a very large banana in realistic. Davis uses scale to exaggerate some of the messages that he is trying to tell about the many things that were taking place during this time. Many of these images are defined further through many of Davis’ later paintings that are enlarged and elaborated versions of this original painting. In a genius way, Davis achieves unity through this picture when you view it as a whole.There is a direct message that the whole is greater than the sum of its individual parts (DeWitte, Larmann, and Shields, 121). He splatters various colorful shapes and organic images to tell the story. Upon first glance, the draw to this picture was because the noticeably recognizable skyline of New York City. I love New York City more than any other place that I have ever lived, worked or played. After gazing around it for a few moments, I could see many random objects beautifully tied and linked together through symbols made of shapes, space, lines and many bright, shiny colors.It was puzzling because I did not know specific facts of history. It was obvious to me that each thing placed in the painting was deliberate and told a story. I was very interested to hear why these random objects surrounding the geometric shaped skyline were of significance to the artist at that moment in time. It is very busy, but also balanced achieving unity and balance. After reading about the artist and his other works, I was fascinated by his ability to not only tell a story but to practically expose the negative and positive events and achievements of that time.His ego and boldness was obvious to me when I realized the offending nature of some of the references he was making representing specific people he knew and was around in New York City. I feel as though I have read a book about New York City’s growth and struggles after the crash of the stock market in 1929 through the early 1930’s. I am also grateful, to the authors of books and articles that explain what was happening and researches what the artist meant with different aspects of their pieces of art. I am a new fan of Davis because I love his bright shiny pictures depicting the city I love and am interested in.He loved New York and enjoyed it while noticing some of the growth and change making the city less intimate and large and filled with the potential and realities for corruption. I belie ve he admired and was impressed with the new buildings and infrastructure in the city while acknowledging that it had to come at a price of greed and a degree of coldness rather than prosperity and warmth. This essay makes me more interested in the stories behind the pieces of art and the artists that created them. The thoughts, history and personal situations are fascinating and give me a different appreciation for New York Mural.I am going to stay mindful and open to enjoy a piece of artwork just for its beauty and the talent that it took to create rather than the book of truth and theoretical information behind it. Works Cited Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larrman, and M. Kathryn Shields, Gateways to Art, 2012, Tharmes & Hudson Weber, Bruce. Stuart Davis’ New York, 1985. Norton Gallery of Art, West Palm Beach Wilkins, Karen. Stuart Davis, 1987. Cross River Press, ltd. Davis, Stuart. New York Mural. 1932. Oil on Canvas. Norton Museum of Art, West Palm Beach. 84 inches x 84 inc hes, signed and dated Date viewed: November 4, 2012

Poverty and Homelessness in the United States

Poverty and Homelessness in the United States Poverty in America is a subject that though everybody recognizes is existent, most do not pay attention to very often. In 2010 the poverty line for a family of four was $22,314. 00 and 15. 1% of Americans were living off of less than that (Tavernise, 2011). While 15. 1% is a high number to begin with, the truth is that many more people are living on the verge of homelessness. Countless families are split up every night with children going to a friend’s house or an extended family member’s house to ensure that everyone has somewhere to sleep.These people are called the â€Å"hidden homeless† by the Charlotte Observer (Whitesides, 2011). Even more people are either living in tent cities or in their cars all around the United States. The events that lead to homelessness range from drug abuse to being laid off from a career because of a poor economy; but sadly the former makes it seem as if everyone who is homeless is in their situation because of their own faults. Many people who are approached by someone who is homeless or sees them panhandling for money hesitate to offer money because of the discourse that all homeless people are alcoholics and drug abusers.Unfortunately, the truth is that â€Å"many adults panhandle on corners for money to pay for a cheap motel room so that their children can have a warm place to sleep for the night† (Whitesides, 2011). Through this essay, the topic of homelessness and poverty in America will be explored by understanding some of the causes that have contributed to poverty throughout history and how the homeless are coping with their situation. Hundreds of people all around the city of Seattle, Washington are homeless or living in their cars. In Ballard alone, there are an estimated 150 people living in their cars (Thompson, 2011).A new program in January is to begin, opening up church parking lots in Ballard for up to five cars to spend the night somewher e safe. All who want to spend the night in the parking lots must apply and be screened which is a task that the state and city combined granted $30,000 towards (Thompson, 2011). So far, Redeemer’s Lutheran Church has stepped up to host the homeless in cars decided by a unanimous decision in September (Thompson, 2011). While people all across the United States are visibly poor, like those who are living in their cars, many others are suffering just as well with the stress of not knowing whether or not they ill have a roof over their head at night. Many of these people are teenagers who either do not have parents who can support them, are too old for foster care, have mental-health issues, or have been evicted from their homes (Whitesides, 2011). These teenagers are ones who go bounce from friend to friend sleeping at their houses every night because they have no other place to go. The homeless problem is one that is growing worse and worse as the years go on. In 2010 46. 2 mil lion people were living below the poverty line which is the highest number in the past 52 years (Tavernise, 2011).Economists say that joblessness is the main cause of poverty in America (Tavernise, 2011). 48 million people between the ages of 18 and 64 did not work even one week of the whole year, which is up three million from 2009 (Tavernise, 2011). While maintaining a job and progressing through a company is hard enough with a college degree, full-time male workers with no college degrees on average have made no progress (Tavernise, 2011). Of the 46. 2 million Americans living below the poverty line, 20. 5 million are surviving off of less than half of the $22,314. 0 poverty line. To save money, many Americans are cutting as many costs as they can in their daily lives. One of these costs, unfortunately, is insurance. The number of uninsured Americans increased by 900,000 to 49. 9 million people (Tavernise, 2011). In Gaston County, North Carolina community meetings are held focuse d on finding ways to help those who are having a hard time financially. At these meetings suggestions are made such as, donating houses to be used by families, becoming a foster parent, and if in the position to, create jobs in the community.While reading about homelessness through the media, one must be sure to realize that even the articles written include discourses and also that they omit details in order to keep the attention of the readers. In Seattle the program that is to allow people living in cars to spend the night in church parking lots seems like a great idea that will help out dozens of people. Something to consider though, is the fact that many people are not willing to open up a safe haven, such as a church, to potentially dangerous.Even though many people try to go through their days without judging people, it is inevitable to have discourses towards people. In America people grow up hearing stories about how if you give a homeless person money that he or she will m ost likely use it on beer or drugs. These discourses need to be eliminated in order for the country’s problem to be solved. The United States is known as a country full of opportunities, a place where anyone can succeed but behind that visage is a reality that is becoming worse and worse as time goes on.While people go throughout their days pretending that everyone lives a comfortable life in a warm home, the truth is that at any given moment there are thousands of Americans who are homeless. Problems that have been existent since the beginning of the United States have contributed to this ever-growing problem that is prominent now. Through a political economic analysis of the history of the United States, homelessness will be an explored and better understood reality that all Americans witness. Prior to World War II, the United States was going through the Great Depression in which the economy crashed leaving millions without jobs.The start of World War II created many jobs and brought the country out of the depression. Later, the Vietnam War and the Cold War took a toll on the United States economy. Because the United States had to spend so much money on these wars, the country printed more money than they had gold to back it up. To solve the issue, President Richard Nixon removed the United States off of the gold standard, dropping the value of the US dollar. The effects of Nixon’s decision were increases of oil prices by 400% by Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and stagflation.During IDL 3, the United States increased interest rates to counter inflation which caused extreme debt in developing nations. While taking the United States economy was improving from the removal of the gold standard, there was still a problem of distribution of wealth within the country. Since the 1920s the top 1% of wealth holders in the United States held 30% of the total household sector wealth, leaving the bottom 99% with only 70% (Keister & Moller, 2 000). Through the years the division of wealth distribution only grew wider.In 1989 the top 1% held 38. 9% of the total household wealth. The division between the top 1% of wealth holders in the United States and everyone else is so drastic that although the GDP per capita in 2010 was $47,184 it does not accurately portray the mass majority of individuals who live with far less money than that in 2010 (GDP per capita (current US$), 2010). When separated into five sections, the top quintile consists of about 85% of the total wealth and 50% of the total family income of the country (Keister & Moller, 2000).Another contributor to homelessness in the United States, along with uneven distribution of wealth, is the outsourcing of American Jobs overseas. Between 2000 and 2004 more than 2. 5 million American jobs were lost due to outsourcing jobs to India (Chithelen, 2004). No longer are only blue-collar, manual labor jobs being shipped off to other countries, but also white-collar and prof essional jobs. This movement of jobs has left many Americans unemployed and without many options. These groups of people, who may have once been part of the top 1% of the country, are now in the bottom with no source of income.The corporate businesses outsourcing are doing so because they know that in countries such as India workers can be found for much cheaper than those in the United States. Cutting losses and raising profit are the benefits that top executives look towards as they will use the saved money as larger bonuses for themselves (Chithelen, 2004). The jobs that international employees are taking from Americans are in the IT field and many workers, especially from India, are finding themselves having to move back home because the jobs they have are being outsourced for cheaper labor (Chithelen, 2004).It is estimated that by 2014 approximately 3. 3 million American business service jobs will be outsourced. The result of outsourcing and the uneven wealth distribution are t hat many people are left without jobs and no way to pay for a home. In 1988 68,0000 children were homeless and 186,000 children were living at a friend’s or extended relative’s home (Lewit & Baker, 1996). While those numbers are high, there is no doubt that 23 years later those numbers will be much higher. These economic factors and homelessness have much to do with inequality.Because the distribution of wealth is so great, it makes it extremely difficult for people on the bottom who are poor to get anywhere successful. People with money have power and the top executives of the big corporations have the power to take the jobs away from hard-working Americans to save a couple of dollars, which in the end will return to the executives, by outsourcing to countries overseas. Because the United States is a Global North county that is part of the OECD, it often times takes responsibility over Global South countries that do not have as many resources as opportunities.The Unit ed States has many large corporations that have the ability to create jobs overseas like how they are when they outsource jobs to places like India. Though it is worsening the situation in America, many of opportunities have opened up for people in Global South countries. Media often times discusses homelessness in America through a sympathetic viewpoint. In the articles used for this paper, a majority of the blame for people being homeless is pointed towards the poor job market rather than the laziness of the people stuck in the situation.Poverty in America is a problem that is not just one on the national level, but also locally. Cities such as Seattle have hundreds of homeless citizens who get walked past every day without anybody noticing. In today’s society seeing homeless people on the sidewalks and under underpasses is the sadly the norm. Those living in poverty and who are homeless get tagged with the discourse by many people that they are in their situation because o f their own faults; that they are alcohol or drug abusers, are poor workers, or are lazy members of society who want to bum off everyone else who works for a living.The truth is, as showed through this paper, that many of those who are homeless are in their situation because they have lost their job to a wide array of reasons or because they were never able to find a job in the first place. As displayed through the political economic analysis, many jobs in the United States have been and will continue to be lost to workers in overseas countries such as India. In these other countries, large corporations are able to find workers for just a fraction of the cost of workers in America. To go along with the outsourcing of jobs, the distribution of wealth in the United States is extremely uneven.With the top 1% of wealth holders in the United States held 30% of the total household sector wealth; the middle and lower-class citizens have very little power. The top 1% just so happen to be th e people who have say in how large corporations are going to run and whether or not they want cheap, unethical, sweatshop labor overseas. The amount of poverty and homelessness that is existent in the United States is both overwhelming and extremely disappointing. Many families who thought of themselves as well-off very quickly had their lives flipped around during the past few years as the economy took a turn for the worst.Because of the poor economy, many employers look for ways to cut costs and one of their solutions is to fire employees. In 2004 more than 2. 5 million jobs were sent overseas and taken from American workers. The sudden loss of work has left more Americans in poverty than there have been in 52 years. Through the analysis of this issue, hopefully the issue of homelessness will be one that is less ignored on a daily basis. Hopefully in the upcoming years more people will step up to help in the same way that Redeemer’s Lutheran Church has chosen to open their parking lot to those who live in their cars.Bibliography GDP per capita (current US$). (2010). Retrieved 12 6, 2011, from The World Bank: http://data. worldbank. org/indicator/NY. GDP. PCAP. CD Chithelen, I. (2004). Outsourcing to India: Causes, Reaction and Prospects. Economic and Political Weekly, 1022-1024. Keister, L. A. , & Moller, S. (2000). Wealth Inequality in the United States. Annual Review of Sociology, 63-81. Lewit, E. M. , & Baker, L. S. (1996). Homeless Families and Children. The Future of Children, 146-158. Tavernise, S. (2011, 09 13). 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